Interview with the Manager of the Tata Motors

Question: Give a conversation of the meeting with the Manager of the Tata Motors. Answer: Presentation: In any business association, the job of a director involves a basic part. The chief deals with the duty to administer the errands of the representatives working in that specific worry, on which depends the development of the firm. The nearness of an administrator in an association is a lot of characteristic of the advancement that firm is experiencing. Conversation: He functions as the mediator and must have authority characteristics, he should have the option to lead the representatives of the association he is working in, the representatives ought to get persuaded and propelled through the manners in which he oversees and drives them and thusly the whole association (Zikmund et al. 2012). It turns out to be additionally extremely essential for him to play out the job of a decent communicator, since the administrator goes about as the medium between the staff of any organization and the chief of the organization. (McFarland, 2015). Conversation of the meeting with the Manager of the Tata Motors: Name of the Manager: Guenter Butschek Assignment: CEO and Managing Director No. Of individuals, he oversees 60,000 Long stretches of understanding as an administrator: More than 25 years Wellspring of data: Research for a venture Difficulties confronted: The trough of the association appeared to be happy with his jobs. At the point when I got some information about the difficulties which he faces typically faces while dealing with the staff, he says, an administrator's job is to confront different new difficulties each and every day. He says that as a chief of such an enormous concern, the issue of correspondence hole with such an immense staff of the organization every now and again causes a hazardous circumstance. Another test, which he needs to take with respect to the administration of the staff, is the enrollment of the staff, and the choices to be taken for the arrangement of the right faculty in different offices. This requires judicious dynamic capacities on the chief's part, as it is this on which a piece of the association's development will really depend (Peters, 2015). As I requested that he share any troublesome circumstance that he faces, he answers, that an increasingly intense or testing circumstance can happen if the correspondence hole between the staff and the director increments. Since in such case, the approaches and procedures of the association's development, also the issues identified with the workers couldn't be passed on and unraveled appropriately. This thusly may prompt a set back to the organization's advancement. The works, which make him, feel glad: As I requested that the chief offer an encounter, which causes can cause him to feel glad, he says, that the work he has done in such a significant number of long periods of working about which he can truly feel pleased with, is that of his constant endeavors to remain refreshed about different data. This has helped him regularly to present imaginative methods. What's more, all the while he has assembled a decent compatibility with the representatives, which truly causes him to spur them by various models, in this manner keeping the whole work go easily. This coordination guarantees the advancement of Tata Motors each day (Gallier Leidner, 2014). Tricky circumstance looked by him: He shares one of his encounters, in which he had himself taken choices and conceived at least two new offices pondering the solace level of the laborers. That was for guaranteeing acceptable working capacities of the representatives. In any case, that was taken in a negative path by the upper staff and the argument conflicted with the administrator as the senior initiative idea that he is getting increasingly slanted towards the workforce. Albeit later on it end up being a purpose behind advancement (Badaracco, 2013). This answer enlivened me to a great extent. Distinction in his suppositions when he turned into a director: The director says unhesitatingly that by being a chief or the administrator of a presumed organization, he has built up his perspectives and capacities unquestionably more than what he used to think and feel before he procured this assignment and was only a MBA understudy. This was his answer when he was asked by me to share the changes, which has come throughout the years in his excursion from an understudy to a boss. The things he appreciate the most and least: I requested that he uncover the things which he prefers the most and least, immediately he says, While driving others, as the director feels, the one thing that captivates him to a great extent is the day by day learning of various realities identified with business and life. Be that as it may, the least intriguing thing about him is where the distinction in assignment should be forced in specific issues, which is extremely upsetting for him. The best individual he met in his working vocation and his impact over him: As I asked him, regardless of whether he recalls any individual who truly propelled him in his vocation, he says, that when he initiated his work in deals offices, he once run over an individual who happened to be his supervisor. The quality in that individual which pulled in him the most was the manner in which he worked similarly as different representatives did, in this way moving and presenting a model before them. Outline: This meeting all around gave me a thought of how a director can effectively play out his obligations and work as per the desires for the organization. End: The data, along these lines assembled turns out to be hugely significant for an individual who is trying to arrive at that position. It has uncovered to me, how much vital is the job of an administrator is for an organization, without which an association can't advance easily (Kerzner,2013). References: Badaracco Jr, J. (2013).Defining minutes: When directors must pick among right and right. Harvard Business Press. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic data the board: difficulties and techniques in overseeing data frameworks. Routledge. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project administration: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, booking, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. McFarland, W. (2015). Making Talent-Enabled Change Leaders.Public Manager,44(1), 37. Subsides, R. S. (2015).The Role of the Head (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M. (2012).Business examination techniques. Cengage Learning.

Heart Attacks Essay Research Paper A heart free essay sample

Coronary failures Essay, Research Paper A chest attack happens when the blood gracefully to a piece of the chest musculus is severely diminished or halted. This happens when one of the arterias that flexibly blood to the chest musculus is hindered by an obstructor. This hindrance can be because of a status called coronary supply route malady ( a build up of fatsos like substance along the mass of the arteria ) , a blood coagulum or a coronary vas cramp alongside a whole obstructor. In the event that the blood gracefully to a piece of the chest stops, that nation of the chest will no longer have the O or nourishments expected to ship out its guide and will expire. On the off chance that it is an extremely little segment of the chest in question, it will have the option to work without it. In the event that a major part is harmed, irreversible mischief will go on which can take to death.Damage to the chest musculus might be horrendous to such an extent that it might do unnatural chest beat, called arrhythmias. We will compose a custom article test on Coronary episodes Essay Research Paper A heart or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The vast majority who are of a myocardial crime or a chest assault do as such inside a couple of hours because of a kind of arrhythmia The chest invasion casualty will kick of power per unit zone, awkwardness or a crushing esthesis in the Center of the chest. There might be harming transmitting to the weaponries or the cervix. There may other than be brevity of breath, coming up short, exhaustion, affliction, cleansing and additionally dyspepsia. The stinging that happens is the outcome of chest tissue ischaemia ( diminished blood flexibly ) . The nation that is non having satisfactory blood is truly yelling out for help. At the point when an individual gripes of any of the side effects referenced, they ought to be moved to the closest clinic. The diagnosing of a M.I. is made for the patient # 8217 ; s history, from specific preliminaries on E.C.G. also, estimating of specific chemicals discharged into the circulatory system from harmed chest muscle.Once a M.I. has happened and a pie ce of the chest musculus has passed on, something must be done to hinder a bit of the obstructor from hindering off and blockading another arteria somewhere else in the natural structure. There are four boss procedures to thwart this. Medications might be given to breakdown a blood coagulum. The obstructor can be cleared by compelling the plaque towards the mass of the arteria by blow uping an inflatable inside the arteria ( swell angioplasty ) . The obstructor can be slackened up by brushing it and suctioning it out of the arteria, this is called atheroectomy. The last procedure is to unclutter the plaque out by u sing one of the strategies referenced and afterward include a gadget, called a stent, that will stay in the vein and hold it open.These methods are just brief, since they don't fix the difficult that caused the coronary failure, they just log jam the procedure. These procedures should consistently be joined by hazard factor adjustments. There are many hazard factors that add to cardiovascular failures. Some hazard variables can be altered or changed, while others can not. Hazard factors that are non-modifiable (or can not be changed):Family History: If your folks, grandparents, or other close family members have endured coronary failures in the past †this expands your odds of having a heart attack.Male: Males are bound to have cardiovascular failures a more youthful age than females. In any case, when ladies arrive at menopause, their odds of having a coronary episode equivalent that of men.Age: As we get more seasoned, our danger of having a cardiovascular failure grows.Risk fa ctors that are modifiable (or can be changed):Cigarette Smoking: Nicotine in cigarettes cause veins to limit. This can expand the odds of having a heart attack.Diet: An eating regimen high in fat and cholesterol can include pounds, however can likewise add to atherosclerosis †or greasy develop on supply route dividers. Diminishing fat admission and increment your fiber. Hypertension: Hypertension can prompt vein harm, on the grounds that the heart needs to work more enthusiastically to siphon blood through thin or solidified vessels influenced with atherosclerosis. This vein harm can prompt blood clots.Limited Physical Activity: Regular physical action can lessen the danger of a heart attack.Obesity: Can result from constrained physical action and an eating regimen high in fat. Hold your weight under control.Stress: Almost everybody manages pressure regular, regardless of whether it is in school, the work environment, or at home. Try to figure out how to manage it. Ordinary phy sical movement is an extraordinary method to alleviate pressure. Different ways incorporate; unwinding procedures, a hot shower, and calming music. Discover a technique that works and stick with it.Each year in Canada, around 53 000 individuals are hospitalized with a respiratory failure and around 26 000 kick the bucket. Any individual who has endured a coronary episode has expanded danger of enduring another in the accompanying hardly any years. The odds of making due for a long time can be improved by making a move to decrease the hazard factors referenced previously.

Use of Biblical Imagery in Cather’s Sapphira and the Slave Girl :: Cather Sapphira Slave Girl Essays

Utilization of Biblical Imagery in Cather’s Sapphira and the Slave Girl All through Sapphira and the Slave Girl, Cather utilizes Biblical symbolism to delineate basic occasions. In particular, Nancy's trip to opportunity, and Mary's defeating a conceivably lethal disease. Cather constantly utilizes Biblical symbolism while portraying Nancy's excursion out of subjugation and into opportunity. For instance, Mr. Colbert considers Nancy to be going up out of Egypt to a superior land, obviously associating her with trip of Hebrew slaves out of Egypt in the Bible. Interfacing Nancy's departure to the Biblical journey of Moses to the guaranteed land serves to strengthen the basic nobility of her activities - just as the natural shrewdness of subjection. In portraying her genuine excursion, the peruser by and by experiences Biblical implications. This happens in Cather's portrayal of the dark minister who will secure Nancy on her approach to Canada. Cather depicts this man nearly as a supporter, his voice being portrayed as serious yet consoling sounding like the voice of prediction (239). Crediting such a wise like persona to this man hardens the uprightness of both Nancy's, and Mrs. Blake's, endeavors to challenge subjection's bonds. Mary's fellowship strikes me as another significant occasion whereby Cather utilizes Biblical symbolism. In this specific episode - which perpetually spares Mary's life- - she strolling in her rest drinks the bowl of stock proposed for Mr. Fairhead (259). Cather portrays Mary as preternatual, being a white figure which floated- - instead of strolled - over the indoor gloom of the room (259). Mary, apparently in a changed state, in guided by what one can decipher as sense, or celestial powers, which lead her to the soup. Like the dark minister's voice, Mr. Fairhead considers Mary's to be as something grave. . . like a fellowship administration (259). From a Catholic point of view, the reason for fellowship is accepting the body and blood of Christ, consequently getting new life. One can see, in this occurrence, why Cather would purposely paint this scene in Biblical terms, since Mary- - wuote truly - gets another opportunity at life from the soup she drinks. Like Nancy's departure from bondage, Mary's drinking of the soup is an occurrence of an individual opposing adverse cultural shows. While taken as right, the solution for Mary and Betty's disease isn't just off-base, yet deadly. Cather in this manner utilizes Biblical symbolism to strengthen the exemplary nature of Mary's activities, despite the fact that they conflict with what society- - explicitly medication - sees as the right course of treatment.

Marketing of Petro-Chemicals in a Global Economy Term Paper

Showcasing of Petro-Chemicals in a Global Economy - Term Paper Example Food and water flexibly, transport, and versatility administrations require vitality input. Non-renewable energy sources are transcendent in our present vitality framework, giving minimal effort and dependable vitality administrations. Inexhaustible assets are utilized too, particularly hydropower and wind power, yet in addition biomass assets in creating countries.† Consequently, the U.S. Division of Energy expressed that a significant level of its oil use is profited by the industrialized world. The petrochemical item needs are relied upon to happen in the transportation division. The transportation segment has hardly any financially serious choices to oil as a wellspring of significant vitality. In the creating scene, the interest for petrochemical items, particularly unrefined petroleum request, determined to ascend to uncommon levels by all vitality utilizing segments. The expanding need is obvious as rising economies are rerouted from noncommercial fills, which incorporat es wood for home cooking and home warming, to diesel generators. What's more, Edinger (43) emphasized a few scholastic explores show the worldwide vitality request is estimated to uplift essentially during the following a very long time to come. The United States Department of Energy composed a solid report that the International Energy Outlook 2001 where the anticipated overall vitality use will reach as much as overshooting the 600 quadrillion Btu in 2020. The dependable estimate was modified to a lower figure from its unique 1998 vitality projection in view of the financial emergencies in Asia which started in 1997 just as the declining Russian economy. The unavoidable cheapening of the Russian cash, ruble, and the breakdown of the Russian money area accelerated to the declining Russian economy. There were new petrochemical delivering countries that had been set up to the nearby communities’ requirement for vitality. The nations produce petrochemical items to fill the proc eeding and expanding vitality requests of plants, homes, and different clients. Thailand is one of the nations delivering petrochemical items organizing filling the nearby petrochemical needs. Malaysia is another new nation creating petrochemical items to gracefully the nearby petrochemical needs. Indonesia is a third country delivering petrochemical products to gracefully the household petrochemical advertise. A fourth nation, China, found petrochemical items to fill the oil-related requirements of its homes, and nearby enterprises. With the new nation rivals in the worldwide petrochemical showcase, the earlier contenders, United Sates, Europe, and Japan, understood a huge decrease in the interest for petrochemical items in the worldwide commercial center. Thusly, the three unique petrochemical item makers needed to battle with a lower 37 percent interest for their consolidated petrochemical items Edinger (43). Petrochemical items originate from petroleum derivatives. Unrefined pet roleum is a non-renewable energy source. Flammable gas fluids are another gathering of petroleum products. Coal is an exceptionally well known non-renewable energy source. Flammable gas is another truly attractive non-renewable energy source. These non-renewable energy source items are utilized as a significant wellspring of vitality, particularly power needs of the homes, workplaces, and different spots. There is an expanding interest for petrochemical items. As the populace develops, the interest for the petrochemical items develops. During the 2010 bookkeeping year, there requirement for petrochemical items an expected 430 quadrillion British Thermal Gas units

How to Choose Personal Argument Essay Topics

How to Choose Personal Argument Essay TopicsThe process of writing a personal argument essay is one that is not easy and it demands many skills. However, there are some things that can be learnt before hand. This can help you get through the entire writing process and help you write your essay effectively.The first thing that you need to learn when it comes to writing a personal essay is the purpose for writing the essay. What is the point of writing an essay? Why should you spend time in penning something down? Before you know it, you will be writing your personal essay.It is important to state the purpose for writing a personal essay. People who do not do this tend to do what is called a 'shallow' essay. They only write the essays in order to earn some money. These people think that a good essay will help them achieve their objective.However, this does not mean that a good reason to write a personal essay must be so. What you have to do is to be specific about the essay. To be spec ific, you should list the main points first and then go through the main details. If you want to make your essay as brief as possible, you should have a very defined purpose.Writing can be difficult at times. However, you should make a point to write regularly. If you do not make a point to write, you will not be able to write essays. It is like a cake. You can bake one time and bake it well but if you do not bake it regularly, you will end up with a dry cake.Writing a personal essay can take time. However, it is necessary if you want to succeed in writing a thesis on a particular topic. After all, you do not want to write a dissertation on a given topic unless the topic fits the requirements. So, why are you wasting your time on writing a topic on which you will not earn any money? Therefore, you should state the aim clearly.People have different reasons for writing an essay. However, you need to keep in mind that whatever the reason is, you should have the passion for writing. If you do not have the passion for writing, you will not be able to write a good essay. You should realize that you will have to put forth the effort in order to write a good essay. Therefore, do not put off your efforts.When you are ready to write a personal essay, it is important to choose a topic that will be interesting to you. You should be able to explain your thesis clearly. Make sure that the topic you choose is applicable to your topic of the thesis. Also, make sure that you are not writing about topics that you do not know.

Living the Dream

While the majority of students are worrying about getting into their dream schools and being able to afford them, others worry about a bigger issue. Students brought to this country illegally, who must leave a blank space on applications that ask for their Social Security number, know they will not be accepted regardless of their outstanding grades and extracurricular involvement. However, there may be some hope in the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act). Of the estimated 11 million illegal immigrants residing in the United States (70 percent from Mexico), 2.7 million are children. These young people benefit from the U.S. school system, but only up through high school. Their education often stops there due to a 1996 federal law that prohibits states from offering in-state tuition rates to illegal immigrants unless the state also offers in-state tuition rates to all U.S. citizens. The DREAM Act is a massive amnesty program for the millions of illeg al immigrants (age 12 to 35) who entered the United States before they are 16. Those who apply for this amnesty can receive conditional, temporary resident status, which can be converted, once earned, to a nonconditional green card (permanent U.S. residency) after six years. These immigrants can then use their newly acquired status to seek green cards for their parents. In this way, it can also provide amnesty for the millions of illegal aliens who brought their children to the United States. â€Å"I don't necessarily live in fear of being deported,† says Juan, a high school junior who was born in Mexico. â€Å"For the most part, I live a normal life. Except, now everyone is getting their driver's license, and I can't.† Juan came to the U.S. with his mother and older brother in 2000 when he was eight. He is just one of millions of students in the nation hoping for the DREAM Act to be passed. While he does not claim to have experienced any overt prejudice in high sc hool, Juan still faces racial stereotypes. â€Å"It bothers me when people joke around and ask me for my green card,† Juan explains. â€Å"I laugh, but deep down I know they are offending me for something I have no control over. I was born in Mexico, but my life is here.† His older brother, who graduated a few years ago, now attends a community college and plans to transfer to a university. Juan hopes to take a similar path. â€Å"I have no doubt that I can go to college,† Juan says. â€Å"I know it's going to be hard, but as long as I stay in this country, I have a chance.† The DREAM Act was reintroduced in both chambers of Congress last March by Senators Dick Durbin and Richard Lugar. â€Å"I can only hope that the DREAM Act will pass,† Juan says. â€Å"All I want is a good life and a promising future, just like everyone else.†

Biography of Max Weber

Max Weber was born in Erfurt, Prussia (present-day Germany) on April 21, 1864. He is considered one of the three founding fathers of sociology, alongside Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. His text The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was considered a founding text in sociology. Early Life and Education Weber’s father was greatly involved in public life and so his home was constantly immersed in both politics and academia. Weber and his brother thrived in this intellectual atmosphere. In 1882, he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg, but after two years left to fulfill his year of military service at Strassburg. After his release from the military, Weber finished his studies at the University of Berlin, earning his doctorate in 1889 and joining the University of Berlin’s faculty, lecturing and consulting for the government. Career and Later Life In 1894, Weber was appointed a professor of economics at the University of Freiburg and then was granted the same position at the University of Heidelberg in 1896. His research at the time focused mainly on economics and legal history. After Weber’s father died in 1897, two months after a severe quarrel that was never resolved. Weber became prone to depression, nervousness, and insomnia, making it difficult for him to fulfill his duties as a professor. He was thus forced to reduce his teaching and eventually left in the fall of 1899. For five years he was intermittently institutionalized, suffering sudden relapses after efforts to break such cycles by traveling. He finally resigned his professorship in late 1903. Also in 1903, Weber became the associate editor of the Archives for Social Science and Social Welfare where his interests lied in more fundamental issues of social sciences. Soon Weber began to publish some of his papers in this journal, most notably his essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, which became his most famous work and was later published as a book. In 1909, Weber co-founded the German Sociological Association and served as its first treasurer. He resigned in 1912, however, and unsuccessfully tried to organize a left-wing political party to combine social-democrats and liberals. At the outbreak of World War I, Weber, aged 50, volunteered for service and was appointed as a reserve officer and put in charge of organizing the army hospitals in Heidelberg, a role he fulfilled until the end of 1915. Webers most powerful impact on his contemporaries came in the last years of his life, when, from 1916 to 1918, he argued powerfully against Germanys annexationist war goals and in favor of a strengthened parliament. After assisting in the drafting of the new constitution and the founding of the German Democratic Party, Weber became frustrated with politics and resumed teaching at the University of Vienna. He then taught at the University of Munich. Weber died on June 14, 1920. Major Publications The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904)The City (1912)The Sociology of Religion (1922)General Economic History (1923)The Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1925) Sources: Max Weber. (2011). Biography.com. http://www.biography.com/articles/Max-Weber-9526066Johnson, A. (1995). The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.

Important Celebration Finance Chinese Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1905 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Celebration Essay Did you like this example? Chinese New Year is an important celebration that necessary been celebrated by all the Chinese in the world. That is more than 1.3 million Chinese around the world (World Popolation 2012, 2013), therefore, Chinese New Year already be treat as a important festival that necessary be celebrated and be include as a public holiday for most of the Asia country such as Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, and South Korea (Chinese New Year, 2013). Stock market will be always changes according to the variation of environment such as different holiday on different country will affect the stock price differently. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Important Celebration Finance Chinese Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order Chinese New Year is one of the holidays that will affect the stock market in most of the Asia country such as Malaysia. The stock market exchange will become anomalies on before, during and after the Chinese New Year period, which is known as Chinese New Year effect (Chinese Lunar New Year: Year of the Snake, 2013). Chinese New Year effect that occur in banking industry, may because by the different demand and purchasing on the market in before, during, and after Chinese New Year. For example, before the Chinese New Year is coming, most of the company will award yearend bonus to their employees. Besides, preparation before Chinese New Year such as buying some traditional New Year decoration, food, drink, clothing, shoes, and accessory. That will relatively increase the demand and purchase ability in a period of time (Chinese New Year, 2013). In this research, two stocks in same industry will be selected and the data period for both stock price and market index shall starts from 1st January 2007 until 2nd February 2012. Those will using the up to date data to observe the relationship between Chinese New Year and stock returns. Literature Review January effect or turn-of-the-year effect January effect or called turn-of-the-year effect is a good example of seasonal abnormal in security markets around the world. During turn-of-the-year, certain types of securities produce positive abnormal returns. Stock prices tend to rise during the starting of the last trading day in December and ending on the fifth trading day of January. Rozeff and Kinney (1976) found a seasonal pattern in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) index over the period of 1904 to 1974. The average monthly return in January was about 3.5 percent, while the average return in other months was just 0.5 percent. The average return in January appeared to be seven times higher than returns for other months (Lim, Ng, Chong, 2010). Keim (1983) found that the abnormal return is related to the stock market capitalization. As such, small capitalization stocks outperform large capitalization stocks in January, as small capitalization stocks post a higher abnormal return than large capitalization stocks. Reigan um (1983) confirmed that the January effect is a small capitalization phenomenon (Su, Dutta, Xu, Ma, 2011). The Weekend Effect Doyle and Chen (2009) suggested a weekday effect that the day-of-the-week changes over time. As pointed out by Cross (1973), the weekend effect involves negative returns to stocks between Friday and Mondays close has been analyzed in the literature. Several studies have investigated the reversal of the weekend effect. Brusa, Liu, and Schulman (2000) discovered that Monday returns for U.S. stocks were positive and the largest during 1990s. Brusa, Liu, and Schulman (2003) showed that weekend and reverse weekend effects exist in a wide range of industries and that the effects are similar across months. Brusa and Liu (2004) found that the positive Monday returns are concentrated in the first and third weeks of each month, while Brusa, Lui, and Schulman (2005) showed that the reverse weekend effect is correlated with the previous Friday return. Thus, positive Monday returns for large stocks are likely to be observed after positive Friday returns. Seasonal anomalies These seasonal abnormal include holiday effect, day-of-the-week effect, and month-end effect. Most of the interests are seasonality began in 1966 when a market technician, Arthur Merrill, identified an obvious trend of stock prices on certain days of the week, at certain times of the month, and around holiday seasons. Merrillà ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s (1966) work on literature aimed at both identification and explanation of these seasonal irregularities in asset returns. Several studies have studied the securities prices having abnormal returns over the weekend, that is, the day-of-the-week effect. French (1980) shows that US common stocks held over the weekend earn a small negative return (Does seasonality in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange still exist). Gibbons and Hess (1981), and Keim and Stambaugh (1984) also provide empirical evidence that supports this weekly stock return. Ariel (1987) examines US. stock indices returns from 1961 to 1981 and finds stocks appear to earn positive average returns only around the beginning and during the first half of calendar months, and zero average returns during the second half. Holiday effect According to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) by Fama (1970), stock prices follow randomly and past information cannot be used to predict the future. Therefore, there should be no abnormal returns on special occasions such as holidays. Lakonishok and Smidt (1988) significant return before US public holidays. These pre-holiday returns are two to five times higher than returns before a weekend and 23 times higher than those on normal days. These results are confirmed by several other studies, such as Pettengill (1989) and Ariel (1990). These studies all focus on developed financial markets (Dodd Gakhovich, 2011). A number of studies have also examined the post holiday effect. Lakonishok and Smidt (1988) find insignificant post-holiday returns until 1952 and significant positive returns afterwards. However, Kim and Park (1994) document negative post holiday returns for the UK, and Lee et al. (1990) for Korea and Singapore. The magnitude and statistical significance of pre hol iday returns may vary on specific holidays. Returns prior to religious holidays tend to be higher than returns of other holidays. Chan et al. (1996) show significant pre-holiday effects before cultural holidays in Asia. Specifically, Malaysia sees abnormal returns before Chinese New Year. Chinese New Year effect Gao and Kling (2005) also found a pattern of market return in both Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges with the highest return in February, but it is insignificant as well. The explanation for the seasonal high return in February in China is that February is the turn-of-the-year in China, as the Chinese Lunar New Year usually begins in late January or sometime during February, rather than the calendar year. However, Zhang and Sun (2003) by examining the seasonal anomalies in China, reported that there is no January effect or a February Chinese New Year effect on the Chinese stock market. But a significant and positive March effect was found. The explanation is interesting that they consider that the March effect in China reveals the political nature of financial anomalies in the country. March is the political high season in China and in March political window-dressing is caused by political maneuvers (Chinese New Year, 2013). Methodology In order to examine the impact of C hinese New Year on the stock performance in 2012, we is required to select two stocks in the same industry and also searching for their daily stock prices from the yahoo finance. After that, download the daily market index of Malaysia such as FBM KLCI from the yahoo finance. The industry be chooses is financial industry and the two stocks be chooses is Hong Leong Bank and Public Bank. Next, the data period for both stock price and the market index are starts from 1st Jan 2007 until 2nd Feb 2012. The event window for these two stocks is -5 to +5 it is mean that is lags 5 days and leads 5 days are used for the detection of CNY effects. The event day is set as 0 and the period from 1st Jan 2007 to -6 serves for the estimation period. In terms of the calculation, we are required to estimate the daily returns for the both stocks that chooses and FBM KLCI. Second, regress the stock return against market returns in the estimation period (1st Jan 2007 until 2nd Feb 2012) in order to e stimate alpha and beta coefficient for the companyà ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s stock ( Hong Leong Bank and Public Bank). Third, apply the estimated alpha and beta coefficient in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in purpose to compute the expected return of companyà ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s stock in the event window by using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula as follow: Where: = risk free rate = Beta = return on market Then, subtracting expected return from the estimated return in order to calculate the abnormal return (AR). The formula as following: Where: R = estimated return E(R) = expected return Where: P = Price t = Period of year Analysis Table 1 Event window of Hong Leong Bank Hong Leong Bank Date R(i) R(m) AR 2012/1/16 -5 0 -0.00924 0.002544 2012/1/17 -4 0.0018365 0.006802 -0.00083 2012/1/18 -3 0 -0.0013 -3.2E-05 2012/1/19 -2 0.0091325 -0.00038 0.008799 2012/1/20 -1 0.0090498 0.003849 0.007346 2012/1/23 0 0 0 -0.00045 2012/1/24 0 0 0 -0.00045 2012/1/25 1 0.0178576 -0.00191 0.018021 2012/1/26 2 0.0262024 0.002694 0.024873 2012/1/27 3 0.0085837 -0.00194 0.00876 2012/1/30 4 -0.0172418 -0.00484 -0.01612 2012/1/31 5 -0.0122486 0.005101 -0.01436 Graph 1 The table 1and graph 1are showing the stock price flow of Hong Leong Bank in the pre-Chinese New Year until post-Chinese New Year. According to the graph, we can realize that the stock price is flowing downward before the 3 or 4 days of CNY. In the financial industry, that will be a normal situation will be form before the CNY. This condition may be cause by the large funds transfer before the CNY especially for the company. Norma lly, most of the company will award the yearend bonus to their employees before the CNY (Chinese New Year, 2013). Bonuses usually be given is 2 or 3 month or more than 3 month per person, therefore, there will be a large funds transfer between the company and bank. Besides, for the individual will many increase their funds transfer in order to make some preparation before Chinese New Year such as buying some traditional New Year decoration, food, drink, clothing, shoes, and accessory. That many because by the Chinese New Year effect however that also may be affect other effect such as holiday effect. The magnitude and statistical significance of pre holiday returns may vary on specific holidays. Returns prior to religious holidays tend to be higher than returns of other holidays. Table 2 Event window of Public Bank Public Bank Date R(i) R(m) AR 2012/1/16 -5 -0.00152 -0.00924 0.000724 2012/1/17 -4 0.00304 0.006802 0.000778 2012/1/ 18 -3 0.004542 -0.0013 0.004557 2012/1/19 -2 0.001509 -0.00038 0.001264 2012/1/20 -1 0.003012 0.003849 0.00158 2012/1/23 0 0 0 -0.00035 2012/1/24 0 0 0 -0.00035 2012/1/25 1 0.001503 -0.00191 0.001687 2012/1/26 2 0.005988 0.002694 0.00488 2012/1/27 3 0.002981 -0.00194 0.003176 2012/1/30 4 0.005935 -0.00484 0.006944 2012/1/31 5 0.001478 0.005101 -0.00031 Graph 2 The table 2 and graph 2 are showing the stock price flow of the public Bank in the pre-Chinese New Year until post-Chinese New Year. For the stock price flow of Public Bank we can realize that there are pretty similar with the Hong Leong Bank, however this similarity may because by the Chinese New Year period effect. However the stock price of Public Bank may also be affect by the announcement that announce before the CNY which is on January 11, 2012 (Gerenal Announcement, 201 2). This announcement can be categories as a general effect and that will affect the performing of the stock market. General effect means that, this effect may be usually happen in any time anyway. Conclusion According to the two tables and graph above, we can realize that both of the graphs are showing the similes flowing in before, during and after the CNY. However, that is some different between this both stock that choose specially in middle of the CNY. In the middle of the CNY, the stock price of both bank are starting going upward. The stock price of Hong Leong Bank are direct climbed to a high point and then slipped. Public Bank stock price are starting going upward and slipped a little bit, after that direct climbed to a high point and then slipped. That may be related to the announcement that Public Bank announce on January 11, 2012.

Iraq War Essay examples - 582 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The war waged on Iraq by the United States has been the cause of heated debate all over the world. Many people have opposed the United States attack on Iraq for many viable reasons. Some of these reasons include that it is not in the best interests for the reputation of the United States with the other nations of the global community, it poses an increased threat to United States homeland security, and it will result in many unjust crimes committed by the United States. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Going to war with Iraq will negatively affect the reputation of the United States with other countries opposing the war. These countries include Germany, France, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, and Pakistan, to name†¦show more content†¦Angry nations are more apt to spawn groups of people who feel unsafe, violated, and angry at the actions of the United States. Such people are more likely to commit terrorist acts in desperation for the injustice they are witnessing. We have already seen the effects of September 11th, 2001, as the World Trade Center was attacked. Waging this war will only fuel the fire already aimed at the United States from previous generations, and may encourage more attacks like September 11th. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The final and most important reason for the United States not to wage war against Iraq is that it will cause many war crimes. Wars always involve taking the lives of innocent people, and many other injustices that can be illustrated if we look to wars fought in the past. First of all, innocent civilians will be killed. The loss of every innocent life is an injustice and a tragedy. Secondly, after the Persian Gulf War fought from 1990-1991, the troops who fought in the war and the people of Iraq developed increased incidences of cancer and birth defects to their newborn children. This was later found to be due to the radioactivity of the depleted uranium used in the weaponry to fight the war. The current war against Iraq employs the same weaponry made of the depleted uranium, and will only cause more generations of people with cancer and birthShow MoreRelated war in iraq1122 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the failed Iraq war. Congress is gearing up to pour more mon ey to quot;stay the coursequot; of the past two tragic years. Tell your Member of Congress that not one more dime should go to waging war in Iraq. Instead, the U.S. must end the occupation, bring our troops home, and support Iraqi sovereignty. Many good-intentioned people in the United States say we cant withdraw our troops now and abandon Iraqis to chaos and disorder. Yet the U.S. presence on the streets of Iraq is fueling animosityRead MoreIntervention Of The Iraq War Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesIn the years leading up to and during the Iraq War, the United States pursued a neo-conservative agenda that aimed to dismantle Saddam Hussein’s regime, eliminate the threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), and install a democratic government in Iraq. To do so, U.S. policymakers deployed military forces and diplomatic ambassadors to intervene. This strategy, clearly seen during the early invasion in 2003 and the surge of 2007, produced mixed reactions. Indeed, more than a decade after the URead MoreThe War Of Iraq War Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy, and terror. The capital of Iraq was shaking not only by their new government that reflected dealmaking not meritocracy but, also with an internal religiou s struggle that was peaking with seventy or more deaths a day. Death was far too easy in Iraq, the United States was in the search for the for the best approach in a hostile environment where the identity of the enemy is masked by the surrounding civilians. The pending question that comes from the war in Iraq war, What is the right approach toRead MoreThe War Of The Iraq War958 Words   |  4 Pageswith the terrorism that went on in Iraq. March 20, 2003 marked the day that President George W. Bush announced the start of the war against Iraq (1). This was the beginning of a very costly war on both America and Iraq. The cost of the Iraq War was not just the amount of money spent, but the impact of war on the soldiers and the toll that it took on the families of those who were involved, as well as the amount of time and dedication of resources put into the war by the Government. The amountRead MoreThe Iraq War1487 Words   |  6 PagesIn his 1988 Republican National Convention acceptance speech former U.S. President George H.W. Bush proclaimed that, â€Å"Weakness and ambivalence lead to war.†. For better or worse a states ability to influence world politics is primarily based on much power they have. In purely academic terms, power is the ability of Actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do; the ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoid having to make concessions oneself (Frieden PRead MoreThe Iran Iraq War1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iran-Iraq lasted from September 1980 to August 1998, which made it the longest conventional war of the 20th century. The consequence of the war cost billions of dollars and millions of lives. The result of the war, although stalemate would be a critical factor that would shape the future of the Middle East. The historical deep-rooted hostile relationship that emanated from the ethnic Arab-Persian and religious Sunni- Shi’ite tensions between the two neighbouring countries contributed to the conditionsRead MoreThe War And The Iraq War862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gulf War and the Iraq war can reflect the tension between a phenomenon is that the United States and the Middle East. The American media reported on the two Gulf War had many similarities. In the recent ten years, with the development of social economy and media technology has increased democratization, media reports and presents new features about the media. The topic of what the role of wars in the society has been discussed for many people. Some people argue that during the war, everythingRead More War in Iraq Essay801 Words   |  4 Pages War in Iraq nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Picture this, you, in a 3rd world country, no friends no family for thousands of miles, hungry, not feeling so well, tired, exhausted and being forced to fight thousands of people who want you out of there country? Fun? I wouldn’t think so†¦ This is a reality for thousands of American Soldiers stationed in Iraq and maybe your reality if the draft is reinstated. Now, picture this. You’re watching the news, they are calling out birthdays, oh they choose yoursRead MoreThe Iraq War1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Iraq War began in 2003 and lasted until 2011, and stands to be among the most controversial conflicts of modern times. It was a war that proceeded without the approval of the United Nations (UN) and was said to be a failure on all counts, for despite managing to end Saddam Hussein’s regime did not lead to an improvement in the situation in Iraq, and instead led Iraq to becoming a failed state and being on the brink of a civil war . According to then Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Iraq WarRead MoreWar Heroes Voices from Iraq1520 Words   |  7 PagesFor my book report, I read the book War Heroes Voices from Iraq by Allan Zullo. The author interviewed ten soldiers about the time they spent in Iraq. The book tells ten different real life stories of soldiers and what amazing things they did in Iraq. The one thing all of these soldiers have in common is that they thought they were just doing their jobs. These soldiers are true heroes because each of them risked their own lives to save others and to protect our country. Even though a lot of

Crime Prevention Essay - 1208 Words

Crime Prevention Marcos Williams Unit 2: Assignment Abstract Crime prevention has become a major issue in our Nation. In our text we have learned that in the early 1990’s President Bill Clinton had passed a bill that hired 100,000 police officers as a result of the Violent Crime Control Act (Worrall, 2008). The hiring of all the police officers looked as if was going to make a huge impact across the nation. With the rate of crime going up across the world crime prevention is really needed. Communities and police officers need to come together to help preserve our neighborhoods. This is the best form of crime prevention. In this paper I am going to discuss the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System. I am also†¦show more content†¦They also stop and arrest drunken drivers which help and protect the community. When police make drug bust in which the community helps with tips or make arrest on repeat offenders this type of crime prevention is key in the relationship with the Criminal Justice System. Police are used as mediators and negotiators to resolve domestic disturbances or hostage situations (Plant and Scott, 2009). Police are also trying to find ways to protect the youth of today from following in the same footsteps as the criminals that they deal with on a day to day basis. Police are trying to do everything that they can to stop trafficking of persons and drugs throughout our nation and help keep our youth stay out of the criminal justice system. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System go hand in hand with the reduction of crime. There are many institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered. Most of the programs are built around habitual offenders and youths from the 5 to 18 years of age. One program that they have for repeat offenders is the Circle of Support and Accountability (COSA). This program targets young to adult males that have been tried and convicted of a sexual crime, did not get early release, and are at serious risk of reoffending (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). COSA has up to seven but no less than four volunteers that help the offenders reengage back to a normal life in their community. The volunteers also hold theShow MoreRelatedCommunity Policing, Crime, Prevention, And Prevention1280 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted in the United States around the late 1980’s entering the 1990’s, it focused on the needs of the community and building trust between the community members and peace officers. Community Policing addresses issues such as publ ic safety, crime prevention, along with fear and social disorder (COPS, 2005). By addressing issues in law enforcement, they can implement organizational strategies, utilize partnerships and direct people to more public resources. Also, they find and use problem-solvingRead MoreCommunity Policing And Crime Prevention1569 Words   |  7 Pages Everyone has a different opinion whether community policing or crime prevention is more effective in making our society better. In my paper I will be explaining thoroughly what both are how they work the differences and the goods and bad’s and what is being used here at home. I will be talking first about Community Policing many individuals ask the question. Can one officer really change a community ? Well the answer is yes. Community Policing is defined as involving three key components whichRead MoreCrime Prevention1330 Words   |  6 PagesCrime Prevention 1 Crime Prevention TuLisha Blackshear CJ212 Crime Prevention Professor Sperling March 9, 2010 Crime Prevention 2 Crime is an ever growing problem in our society. Law enforcement officers put themselves at risk on a daily basis in their quest to apprehend suspects and attempt to deter crime. I will be discussing the components and concepts of crime prevention throughout the course of this essay. Crime prevention is the attempt to deter crime and reduceRead MoreCrime And Crime Prevention Programs1821 Words   |  8 Pagessince the 1990’s there has been a decrease in crime. Although, there are many plausible reasons for the decrease in crime such has employment rates, age, economic improvement, or culture variation. However, two other factors play a part in the crime decrease such as a result of better policing methods. Crime prevention programs have been developed and used all over the United States. Over the years, these different prevention programs help contribute to crime decrease. They also have been a great successRead MoreCrime And Crime Prevention Programs2354 Words   |  10 Pagesorder. However, criminal activities can be mitigated. The history of crime is as old as the beginning of life itself. In every generation of time, we learn of people who engaged in crimes against the law and who were punished in accordance to law of the lands in which they lived . Today, methods of mitigating crime have greatly improved, so has the methods of committing crime. It’s a delicate game. The reception of crime prevention programs has however been on the rise and people are beginning to seeRead MoreCrime Prevention Division Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesdepartments is the Crime Prevention Division. In 1972, the original Premise Protection Squad turned into the Crime Prevention Squad. Over the course of six years that squad grew into the Crime Prevention Section (NYC.gov, N.d.). The Crime Prevention Division is comprised of four sub-units; the Borough Liaison Team, the Training Team, the Security Team, and the Special Projects Team (NYC.gov, N.d.). This division is aimed at helping the citizens and businesses of the City of New York with crime deterrent programsRead MoreCrime, Prevention And Reduction903 Words   |  4 PagesWhilst studying Crime, Prevention and Reduction, I have learnt about different strategies and theories which relate to policing and how crime can be reduced and prevented. There are many different agencies which work alongside the police to tackle crime. These agencies are; NHS Trust, counselling, local councils, and education services. There are also many different theories which I researched throughout this module which can help reduce crime. The theories which are related to policing are, hotspotRead MoreSituation Crime Prevention614 Words   |  3 PagesSituational Crime Prevention There are many strategies that can be considered situational crime prevention strategies. Pick one of the following crime reduction strategies. 1. Improved Street Lighting 2. Surveillance Cameras on street 3. Use of access control for buildings 4. Electronic merchandise tags 5. Red light cameras After picking one of the 5 techniques outlined above do some research on it. First state what the techniques does and why it would be hypothesized to decreaseRead MoreEssay on Approaches to crime prevention1666 Words   |  7 Pages Approaches to crime prevention have emerged over time and are demonstrated in different solutions, practices, and policies executed by law enforcement, courts, corrections, family, and community. Some of the dominant approaches to crime prevention currently used by law enforcement, courts, corrections, family, and community are: situational crime prevention, crime prevention through social development, crime prevention through environmental design, community crime prevention, reduction of recidivismRead MoreSurveillance for Crime Prevention Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesof becoming the victim of a crime? Reality is that we as individuals of the United States only have a two-percent chance of becoming the victim of a violent crime. Surveillance is starting to become high in demand for businesses, offices, and even inside and outside of homes solely because we are taught that crime is always happening to someone, somewhere. From personal experience, I feel as if surveillance cam eras are not only one of the best ways to prevent crime, but it also increases the possibility

The Taxation System Between Australia And Bangladesh And...

Question Compare and contrast the taxation system between Australia and Bangladesh and discuss which system is more effective. The essay should also focus on the effectiveness of double taxation treaties of these two jurisdictions. [Introduction] The authority to collect tax is differ from one country to another and their jurisdictions and form of function are also distinguishable. In Australia, the duty to collect revenue lays to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) along with other responsibility. The role of ATO is to organise and form the tax and the system of superannuation. There are few more rules that have to practice by ATO which includes executing the goods and services tax (GST) as an agent of the Australian states and territories, operating some programs to ensure the transfer of revenue and benefit of that revenue is properly distributed to the whole community, administrating the superannuation system of Australia, managing and controlling of Australian business register. Nevertheless, the ATO derives from the public authority, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 but the accountability is imposed by the Public Service Act 1999. On the other hand, in Bangladesh, the tax administration is mainly practiced by Na tional Board of Revenue (NBR) which was established under the President?s Order No 75 of 1972 and this board is working under the Internal Resources Division of the Ministry of Finance. This NBR is responsible not only for collecting tax but also forShow MoreRelatedThe Taxation System Between Australia And Bangladesh4110 Words   |  17 PagesQuestion: Compare and contrast the taxation system between Australia and Bangladesh and discuss which system is more effective. The essay should also emphasis on the effectiveness of double taxation treaties of these two jurisdictions. Answer: Taxation is a scheme where one or more individual or a company or a group of companies or similar legal entities paying certain amount of money from income, product or service to the government to progress the country?s infrastructure. The intention of impositionRead MoreBangladeshs Trade Barriers in Global Perspective - a Comparative Analysis11770 Words   |  48 Pagesfrequently benefits the poor especially. Many developing countries have high tariffs. Since early 1980s Bangladesh promoted trade mainly through removal of structural obstacles to production and trade. In this paper a number of measures to determine crosscountry Trade Barrier were discussed. Though the methodology adapted by Dr Raihan got especial treat as it is current and relates to Bangladesh. Then Bangladesh’s progress of trade with SAFTA countries and other major trading partners were discussedRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesemployee’s performance appraisal system to employee’s performance management system. This paper has focused to study the evolution of employee’s performance appraisal system, critics the system suffered and how the performance management system came to the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to differentiate these two systems, employee’s performance appraisal and management system. This paper uses a review of the literature to evaluate the development of appraisal system and argues the critic areasRead MoreTheoretical Framework on- Non Governmental Organisations and International Non Governmental Organisations (Support Base, Funding Pattern and Relation with State)9266 Words   |  38 Pages1972, p.xiii-xiv). Development is also people-centered and citizen participation oriented. The institutions and structures through which people’s participation can flow into development activities can be many and varied, formal and informal, official and non-official. (Noorjahan Bawa, 1997, p-03) Though the state still continues to be the prime political unit through which the aspiration of the people of a particular territory are realized yet in modern times there is a growing desire to understandRead MoreEu, Nafta, Asean12786 Words   |  52 Pages Calling code | See list | 1 | If considered as a single entity. | This box:   * view   * talk   * edit | The  European Union  (EU) (English  pronunciation:  i/ËÅ'jÊŠÉ™rəˈpiË Ã‰â„¢n  Ã‹Ë†juË njÉ™n/[10]) is an  economic  and political union of 27  member states  which are located  primarily  in  Europe.[11]  The EU traces its origins from the  European Coal and Steel Community  (ECSC) and the  European Economic Community  (EEC), formed by  six countries  in 1951 and 1958 respectively. In the intervening years the EU has grownRead MoreInstitutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run14323 Words   |  58 Pagesorder to increase their de jure political power in the future. Economic institutions encouraging economic growth emerge when political institutions allocate power to groups with interests in broad-based property rights enforcement, when they create effective constraints on power-holders, and when there are relatively few rents to be captured by power-holders. We illustrate the assumptions, the workings and the implications of t his framework using a number of historical examples. Keywords institutionsRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesorder to increase their de jure political power in the future. Economic institutions encouraging economic growth emerge when political institutions allocate power to groups with interests in broad-based property rights enforcement, when they create effective constraints on power-holders, and when there are relatively few rents to be captured by power-holders. We illustrate the assumptions, the workings and the implications of this framework using a number of historical examples. Daron Acemoglu DepartmentRead MoreStabilisation in Investment Contracts and Changes of Rules in Host Countries: Tools for Oil Gas Investors34943 Words   |  140 Pageson mechanisms of contract stabilisation in the international oil and gas industry. In particular, it examines the stabilisation clauses that are often introduced into petroleum contracts between host governments and international oil companies (IOCs). The first part of the paper examines the context in which stabilisation issues arise and the various justifications advanced by host governments for changing the rules (Part 1, chapters 1 and 2). The second part considers stabilisation techniquesRead MoreImpact of Emerging Markets on Marketing15122 Words   |  61 Pagesand Hirscheim (1992) and, more recently, Sheth and Sisodia (1999) point out, marketing is a contextual discipline. Context matters, and historically the discipline has adapted well in generating new constructs and schools of thought unique to the marketing discipline (Hunt 1991). As emerging markets evolve from the periphery to the core of marketing practice, we will need to contend with their unique characteristics and question our existing practices and perspectives, which have been historically developedRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 Pages Ahmed El-Mohamady Hesham Mostafa Eslsca 36 – Global Management I. Cultural Analysis: Identification of the Emirates History: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consists of the seven emirates, which are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al-Qaiwain, and Fujairah. They were united as a federal state on 2 December 1971 and formed the so called â€Å"United Arab Emirates†. Before the discovery of oil and establishment of the

A short review about cloud computing

Question: Describeabout cloud computing. Answer: 1. Introduction Cloud management system is used to manage the cloud infrastructure. It is also called CIMI (Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface). CIMI started in the year 2010 and soon in the year 2014 it got internationally standardized. There are different models of cloud infrastructure management like IaaS (Infrastructure as a service), SaaS (Software as a service) and PaaS (Platform as a service). The specification would provide the protocol for interacting with the cloud service provider and the consumer. The primary resources of the IaaS are a machine, network and storage and they are managed in such a manner that the customer specification and requirement are fulfilled (Li et al., 2012). There should be provision for upgrading their infrastructure accruing to the client/customer need. 2. Remote Administration and Management The company using cloud computing can use the server according to their needs using the capabilities of the computer. It can automatically stop access to its server and storage without using any human resource (Masud Huang, 2012). The files and documents can be obtained using a wide variety of devices from any global location.(e.g. mobile, tablet, laptop, desktop and workstations). The data stored in cloud storage can be accessed by multiple users irrespective of the location Cloud computing provides elasticity to its users such as a further expansion of storage space is possible on demand. Cloud system optimizes the resource automatically and controls the bandwidth, storage, and process for each user account. 3. Backup and Disaster Recovery It is the term that the computer storage manufacturing companies use and the storage service providers use it to describe that the data stored in their database is available at any moment such as during disaster the data is accessible to the user. When the data is kept in a distributed system they are interlinked with a high-speed connection such as optical fibre connection is used. Data redundancy is to make the data availability greater i.e. the data is duplicated and stored in several backup storage devices into segments and accessed when needed. The storage devices are independent of each other and thus there is flexibility to add more storage options. Two simple methods are used for data availability; Storage Area Network or SAN and Network attached Storage or NAS. Itis the property of a product or system, to work with other products or systems, understanding interfaces completely without any restrictions to access it. The distributed computing system uses data synchronization between the different system in various clouds and the internal systems to synchronies them. The connection between the clouds is difficult so there may be latency for synchronization between the clouds. If a new system is added to the system, it is also synchronized and is interoperable. The interoperability uses much communication protocol and it should share a standard process of data and model. For different platforms, a protocol is used to discover its service and exchange information between them (Dinh et al., 2013). In general, the conceivable stockpiling are easy to locate for the global clients but it offers the administration of distributed computing. The administration of distributed computing is accomplished by the convention of HTTP. To increase the security for the information HTTPS and SSH are mostly used. These use the secure version by encrypting the data that is transferred using this protocol. HTTPS stands for Hypertext transfer protocol and it works in the transport layer of the OSI model. Earlier HTTPS was used in payment gateway sites, emails and for other sensitive websites but now it has widespread and utilized in all types of websites for protecting the authenticity of the page. SSH also called secure shell is an encrypted protocol that allows the user to operate remotely (Jain Paul, 2013). It has replaced its predecessor telnet with its improved encryption feature. The evolution of computers has helped business companies to automate their business process and have an advantage over the global market. Cloud computing in infrastructure management can have an enormous effect on a various range of industries. Cloud = Internet-based access to low cost computing and applications + Internet-based data access and exchange Characteristics of a cloud based infrastructure: Characteristics = Internet Accessibility + On-Demand Self-Service + Pooled Resources + Usage-Based Billing + Elastic Capacity (Opengroup.org, 2016). 4. SLA Assessment According to Ficco et al. (2012) the access to the resources of the different cloud based service providers is provided through a Service Level Agreement (SLA). Cloud based service providers maximise their Quality of Service by balancing their infrastructure and not violating the SLA. The assessment of various risk factors on cloud computing is the goal of this assignment. The method that is used in the framework is used by the consumers and service providers to identify the risk that is deployed during the operation. There are various models in risk management through which the risks can be identified and a solution can be implemented on that risk factor. The effect of the risk on the architecture or design is also executed by risk management. The assessment of the risk has an impact on the cloud computing toolkit. With a proactive system, IT managers can identify most of the problems that causes slowdowns and outages, eliminating much of the downtime associated with a reactive approach. When such thing occurs, the time to repair is shorter because of troubleshooting. Problems are resolved faster, with less effect on both users and ITs. Overall, IT is in a much better position to deliver on its SLAs while still driving innovation (Zheng et al., 2013). It is a contract between the service provider and the customer. The SLA is used to standardise the service provided by the service provider. As an example, an ISP (Internet Service Provider) and an organisation have a service level agreement between them. If the ISP fails to provide internet service to the organisation, the organisation complains the ISP and the mean time between failure, mean time to recovery and mean time to repair is calculated. If it is greater than the time mentioned in the agreement, the organisation may take legal action ag ainst the ISP to pay fine. 5. Benefits of Cloud-based Management Cloud computing can be used for managing the infrastructure of an organisation. It has several benefits for the organization (Jadeja Modi, 2012): 5.1. An increase of efficiency and reducing the Total Cost Ownership Virtualization can help the company to reach a high level of abstraction. The infrastructure cost can be reduced with the use of distributed computing; it removes the limitations and the acceleration is increased for the growth of the company. Virtualization is done in a model and has high level security. It can also be increased or decreased according to the needs this feature is called the scalability (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). The most important benefit of cloud based infrastructure management is lower infrastructure expense. There is no need of maintenance of the servers for the hardware and networking component and it can be upgraded at a nominal cost. 5.2. Increased quality of service As the efficiency is greater the quality of service that the cloud based management provides is also higher. The Iaas service provider provides infrastructure for backup of data during any disaster. The organisation have not to give focus to the servers and hiring staffs for managing the server and networks are not required they can concentrate on the growth of their profession. 5.3. Proactive management of the automated operation The primary goal of proactive management is to prevent problems from occurring at the top level. 5.4. Provision of adaptive security and delivering consistent compliance The virtual machines used in the distributed computing has the provision of adaptive security, only the emails and the payment gateway service can be secured using HTTPS and SSH and rest of the traffic can be accessed using HTTP (Younis et al., 2013). SLAs are of different forms like Customer Based, Service Based and Multilevel Based. The online storage system is cost effective regarding traditional storage systems. The installation cost of a local storage server is much more, and maintenance cost is also taken into account. To access the server remotely VPN (Virtual Private Network) is required (Border et al., 2015). More employees are needed to manage the server, and thus, cloud based is storage is the best solution to be used for business. The cost is one third of the expense of instaling a local storage server with much more features added to it (Wu et al., 2012). 6. Recommendation: 6.1. Google Drive: It is the best suited online storage system for ABC, Inc. Google drive is created by Google for file storage. It allows its user to store data remotely to a cloud based storage space provided by Google; it gives 30 GB of free storage to Google app users and unlimited free storage to students using it for education with the Association of 5 members. With the subscription of extra storage, the storage space can be expanded. If the account is not renewed at the time, a seven-day grace period is given and then the space storage returns to the default free storage. Other files can be accessed but no files can be uploaded to the server. There is an option for downgrading the plan . Also, the storage space can be shrunk if not used by the user. Google Drive also supports third party applications and that can be opened in the drive without instaling any third party software package or application. Google drive can be used offline, and it offers a 15GB of free storage much more than its compe titors. Google has announced to increase its security for its users. Thus, it is the best choice for an organisation to use (Simmhan et al., 2013). 6.2. Checklist to be satisfied by Google Drive Account Governance and Billing Access Management and Security Asset Management Backup and Disaster Management Configuration and Change Management 7. Conclusion: A short review about cloud computing can be viewed from this article. Cloud computing is a new emerging technology that provides both the service provider and the consumer to outcome benefits. The user can have unlimited service with a small investment and infrastructure. Multiple cloud management services are used to provide the user all the service. This article has its primary focus on the utility of cloud technology on infrastructure management. From the study of infrastructure management is has been found that Iaas delivers infrastructure management and it creates a virtual environment that has the flexibility of increasing or decreasing according to the consumer needs. Cost effectiveness is also a factor of distributed cloud computing that empowers classes that are running in remote areas. The different providers pool the resources on a single reservoir, with ease of use. Cloud computing is growing rapidly since it is more user-friendly and users can have access to their files from anywhere in the world. Companies using cloud storage need to pay the amount for space they have used thus reducing their energy consumption up to 70% making their company green and eco-friendly. Cloud storage has several advantages the data stored in cloud servers are natural disaster proof and have a high level of security, and the storage can be expanded according to the needs. References: Border, J., Dillon, D., Pardee, P. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,976,798. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Cloud Computing for Business: What is Cloud?. (2016).Opengroup.org. Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., Wang, P. (2013). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), 1587-1611. Ficco, M., Rak, M., Di Martino, B. (2012, November). An intrusion detection framework for supporting SLA assessment in cloud computing. InComputational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN), 2012 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 244-249). Garg, S. K., Versteeg, S., Buyya, R. (2013). A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), 1012-1023. Jadeja, Y., Modi, K. (2012, March). Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. InComputing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 877-880). Jain, R., Paul, S. (2013). Network virtualization and software defined networking for cloud computing: a survey.Communications Magazine, IEEE,51(11), 24-31. Li, J., Qiu, M., Ming, Z., Quan, G., Qin, X., Gu, Z. (2012). Online optimization for scheduling preemptable tasks on IaaS cloud systems.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,72(5), 666-677. Simmhan, Y., Aman, S., Kumbhare, A., Liu, R., Stevens, S., Zhou, Q., Prasanna, V. (2013). Cloud-based software platform for data-driven smart grid management. Wu, L., Garg, S. K., Buyya, R. (2012). SLA-based admission control for a Software-as-a-Service provider in Cloud computing environments.Journal of Computer and System Sciences,78(5), 1280-1299. Younis, M. Y. A., Kifayat, K. (2013). Secure cloud computing for critical infrastructure: A survey.Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, Tech. Rep. Zheng, J., Ng, T. S., Sripanidkulchai, K., Liu, Z. (2013). Pacer: A progress management system for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing.Network and Service Management, IEEE Transactions on,10(4), 369-382. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), 583-592.

Diversity in the Workplace

Question: Whyhasdiversityintheworkplacebeengivensomuchattentionlately? Answer: Introduction Diversity in places of work encompasses racial, sexual and religious differences by the employees of an organization. Moreover, a diverse organization should have people of different age groups, disabled workers, people whose lifestyles differ and even those with different physical traits (Fassinger, 2008). Initially, several organizations did not see the need to have a diverse human resource. Most only employed people from various backgrounds so that they may seem equitable( Rice, 2015). Interestingly, it has been discovered that a diverse human resource is more beneficial than a nearly homogenous one. As a result, several corporations give a lot of attention to this area. A diverse workplace can be described as a mosaic, meaning that individuals within that environment retain their individuality as they contribute to the goals of the organization (Canas, and Sondak, 2013). A look at some of the advantages of such working places can give us insights on how why most organizations are keen on having a diverse workforce. Discussion Organizations that are keen to adapt to fluctuations in the markets have to ensure that their workers are from different backgrounds. This is because the employees bring a variety of solutions to a particular problem (Barak,2016). The ideas generated by the employees during sourcing, allocation of resources, or while in service are from several perspectives meaning that the best solution to the problem will be found. Besides, the ideas generated most of the time target particular groups in the market who are well known by a given section of the employees (Barak,2016). The change in the consumer tastes hence can be noticed very fast and the appropriate action taken so that the grip on the market is not lost. As a result, it is a good idea to make sure there are people from different places in an organization. There is also better service provision, meaning that companies having a diverse human resource tend to have more satisfied customers. This has also contributed to the keenness of businesses on the issue of diversity (Herring,2009). A client who is able to, for example, relate to an individual in the organization or feel that he or she has something in common with a person within the organization will trust it. He or she might feel free to consult those they feel linked to for any clarification or advice in case the need arises (Roberge and van Dick,2010). They, as a result, get satisfied by the devices of the organization and may even influence others to transact with the organization. People from different groups do not share a similar organizational culture. Hence, they define their experiences within their set of cultural systems. The various groups present in a diverse organization identify or define their experience uniquely (Pitts, and Recascino Wise, 2010). Most of the time, females hold lower positions and thus view the organization from a perspective different from their male counterparts at the top who are usually more salaried (Nishii, 2013). In addition, other minorities in any organization interpret occurrences differently from the majority. As a result, they tend to execute they perform better since some problems may be opportunities to other groups. Moreover, those from the minority may are able to perform their duties better due to the cohesion and understanding between themselves. This results in companies that produce faster. Diversity also makes companies find talented or gifted people very easily. Sometimes there may be a need for certain skills such as mathematical ability or analytical competencies in an organization. The identification of individuals with the skills required would require the organization to search far and wide, and at times train those whom they find to meet their objective. This would be time-consuming and costly. A diverse organization raises the chances of having uniquely gifted individuals. Moreover, they are easy to identify when they work for the organization. Managers will only need to make inquiries about the background of the people whom they suspect of being gifted in certain fields based on the traits of the people from their country or background. If for example he or she comes from a region where most of the population are astute business persons it would be safe to assume that due to the influence of others the person in question is probably good in that sector. Hence , companies need a diverse workforce. The amount of revenue that organizations receive as a result of having employees from different backgrounds is also higher than those from homogeneous organizations. This is the reason why several companies, notably Solectron, based in the Silicon Valley are keen on implementing and improving diversity programs. The revenues of the firm at some point tripled after it launched a cultural awareness program for its employees, making them win the Baldridge Prize. The success of the company can be attributed to the efficiency of the different groups that work for the organization (Brown, 2007). Another company that managed to increase its revenue significantly is Voice Processing Corp, which has people from different countries. The marketing of their product has been successful because of the number of markets that they are able to penetrate as a result of a workforce composed of people from different nationalities. This proves that diversity increases access to markets, and has the poten tial of making company operations global. Consequently, several companies are now keen on making their human resource as diverse as possible. Another reason why companies are keen to embrace diversity is that of the lower cost of labor in a diverse organization. This scenario is evident in countries that accept a lot of immigrants every year. Most of these people move to their new localities with the aim of finding greener pastures, meaning that they can settle for less when it comes to the wages they receive. Natives on the other hand, due to the presence of institutions such as labor unions rarely accept low payment. Hiring for the purpose of cheaper skilled labor may be seen as manipulation by some people, even though it is a clever business strategy. However, countries that have organizations whose workforce demand too much money as salary are keen on diversifying so that they may make a good profit. Diversity Challenges and opportunities Workplaces consisting of people from different ethnic groups, age gaps, lifestyles or gender, do are also faced with some challenges because of the differences in beliefs, cultures or values of their workforce. These challenges may translate to poor relationships or seclusion of some groups within the organization. Communication between different groups in such a company may be difficult. There may be language barriers in such environments. Moreover, differences in accents can make the employees fail to understand one another within a short time hence making them fail to meet some objectives of the organization (Harvey and Allard, 2015). Besides, there are chances that failure to communicate effectively can lead to frustrations and thus strained relationships between the workers. The minority groups may also feel alienated when have to clarify themselves continually. It is hence important for organizations to ensure that they develop ways of avoiding problems in communication as a result of differences in the nationalities of their workers. Resistance to change is another issue that can face such organizations. There is always some level of competition between employees from different groups. When they manage to meet an objective successfully, chances are that they will try as much as possible to maintain their position as a successful lot. This would translate to rigidity. Other groups fail to adapt to new practices because they may feel that such changes would compromise their beliefs or culture (Jackson and Joshi, 2011). Failure to change would result in stagnation in specific departments. In addition, adapting to new market demands for the organization would be a bit difficult when a group chooses to remain rigid. Hence, managers need to be keen when dealing with people from diverse backgrounds. The management may also be faced with difficulty when trying to implement policies that encourage diversity. There may be discord between the majority and minority groups when they feel that minority are granted more freedom ( Ozbilgin and Tatli, 2008). Accommodation of different cultural values may take a lot of time as the management tries to find ways of not making some section of the human resource not feel that they are being sidelined. During the implementation of the developed policies, there are chances that some people may even quit working for these organizations because of suspicion that their working conditions may deteriorate as a result of the inclusion of people that they do not like. There is always prejudice or misplaced belief about people from various backgrounds meaning that policies that favor them can be viewed as a betrayal by other workers. Hence managers need to make sure that the policies that they intend to use for the purpose of creating an inclusive workf orce are carefully evaluated and in case they may cause discord, they need to be modified. Generation gap may also cause problems in organizations that have embraced diversity. Chances are that, due to the differences in the perspectives of these people, they may fail to work in unison. Moreover, their views may differ on several issues resulting in friction between them (Kapoor and Solomon, 2011). Cliques may be triggered thereby making teamwork difficult to achieve. Teenagers and young adults may also fail to understand their older counterparts or behave in ways that are considered inappropriate when they interact with themselves. (Jackson, and Joshi, 2011) Besides, the younger workers may consider their older counterparts as being backward at times or even have the notion that they are better suited for working for the organization due to their knowledge or ability to use the latest technology. Hence, managers need to make sure that there is no discord between people who belong to different generations. Organizations that have not implemented diversity programs need to do so because it is a powerful tool not only for increasing the production of the firms but also portraying the business as a friendly, inclusive corporation (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner,2011). Several diversity programs serve to prevent harassment of specific groups such as women and those from other nations. A good reputation makes it easy gain global access to the markets. Managers also need to train on diversity management if they are to realize the benefits of having a workforce composed of different people (Wales, Gorman, and Hope, 2010). To sum up, diversity also brings the opportunity of accessing cheap labor since people from other nations or even gender tend not to demand high wages compared to the locals and the majority. As a result, organizations that feel their operation costs are high as a consequence of the wages spent on payment of their workers can turn to diversity as a way of making things bette r. Conclusion To sum up, when the benefits and challenges as a result of diversity are compared it is evident that firms need to have people from different backgrounds. It is also prudent for managers to try and foster equality in the workplace. Areas that are overlooked when promoting equality and diversity such as gender balance need to be keenly addressed. When organization take diversity seriously, chances are that they will prosper. Most organizations are of late keen on embracing diversity because they have realized that there are a lot of benefits that result from having a workforce which consists of people from different backgrounds, ethnicities or even races. They have discovered that productivity is increased when the workforce is not homogenous as initially assumed by most companies. Moreover, they are able to expand their market by opening branches in the countries that those who work for the organizations belong to. In addition, the companies tend to have more satisfied customers mean ing that their growth is inevitable since customers tend to recommend such places to friends or family. Diversifying the human resource in an organization also has some challenges. These include the resistance to change, or adapt by sections of the workers. Besides, it is also difficult to implement policies that promote equality among the workers. In addition, generation gap and prejudice can cause communication problems between the workers. However, companies need to make an attempt of being diverse. References Barak, M.E.M., 2016.Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Brown, M.G., 2007.The pocket guide to the Baldrige award criteria. CRC Press. Canas, K. and Sondak, H., 2013.Opportunities and challenges of workplace diversity. Pearson Higher Ed. Dychtwald, K., Erickson, T.J., and Morison, R., 2013.Workforce Crisis: How to Beat the coming shortage of skills and talent. Harvard Business Press. Fassinger, R.E., 2008. Workplace diversity and public policy: Challenges and opportunities for psychology.American Psychologist,63(4), p.252. Harvey, C.P., and Allard, M., 2015.Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Herring, C., 2009. Does diversity pay?: Race, gender, and the business case for diversity.American Sociological Review,74(2), pp.208-224. Jackson, S.E. and Joshi, A., 2011. Work team diversity. Kapoor, C. and Solomon, N., 2011. Understanding and managing generational differences in the workplace.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,3(4), pp.308-318. Nishii, L.H., 2013. The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups.Academy of Management Journal,56(6), pp.1754-1774. Ozbilgin, M. and Tatli, A., 2008.Global diversity management: An evidence-based approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Pitts, D.W. and Recascino Wise, L., 2010. Workforce diversity in the new Millennium: Prospects for research.Review of public personnel administration,30(1), pp.44-69. Rice, M.F., 2015.Diversity and public administration. ME Sharpe. Roberge, M.E., and Van Dick, R., 2010. Recognizing the benefits of diversity: When and how does diversity increase group performance?.Human Resource Management Review,20(4), pp.295-308. Trompenaars, F. and Hampden-Turner, C., 2011.Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Wales, A., Gorman, M., and Hope, D., 2010.Big Business, Big Responsibilities: From Villains to Visionaries: How Companies are Tackling the World's Greatest Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan.

Writing Sample For Comparison Essay

Writing Sample For Comparison EssayOne of the main things you should look for when applying for college is a sample thesis for comparison essay. What are these? In my opinion, these are your best chance to show that you are both the most academically advanced student and the smartest student in your high school class.The idea behind this essay is for you to use a thesis statement and then write down a similar one from your school's very first class. This will allow you to compare both your learning style and understanding of concepts. Also, you will get a better idea of how your classmates were learning. This will help you determine if you will have a hard time writing the thesis statement yourself.This is why it is so important that you use a writing sample for comparison essay. A student may not know much about a topic, but they may understand something very well. However, that student could be completely ignorant on how to present themselves to their professors in an unbiased mann er.Using this as a comparison will ensure that they will always come across with the best way to present themselves to their instructors. As a result, they will not be afraid to use any form of evidence to convince their professors of their intellectual abilities. They will be well prepared to answer any questions and stand out as being the smartest student in their class.In college applications, your thesis statement is one of the most important parts of your application. It is the first thing that a college or university reads when evaluating your application. For this reason, you must make sure that your writing sample for comparison essay comes from the very same class as the one you are trying to get into.In addition, the writing sample for comparison essay should clearly show the characteristics of the student you are trying to appeal to. Remember, you are trying to build up your confidence with your new college. Therefore, you must have the confidence that you will be able to write a good thesis statement.Another important factor that you should consider is your overall ability to apply knowledge to a subject. Most students are interested in becoming smart, but they are not familiar with the fact that there are other types of knowledge that they should develop. In order to become a more complete student, you should learn the other types of knowledge that you should be looking into.By taking the time to study and understand these other types of knowledge, you will be able to gain more confidence in presenting your thesis to your professor. Additionally, you will be able to show that you are able to write an essay that is well-written and concise. Theses are important because they are the basis for most college admissions tests.

PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts

The Beechcraft Baron 58 is the brainchild of Hawker Beechcraft Corporation. The corporation developed this particular model in1970. According to the Corporation’s website, a new Beechcraft 58 costs around 1.2 million dollars (Baron58 n.d). The specifications of this plane include a twin engine piston, six passenger seats, and two aft doors. It has a gross weight of 2450-2500 kilograms and a maximum take-off weight of 2450 kilograms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flight Express is an air carrier company with a fleet of eighty-nine aircrafts. Out of these, twenty-seven are Beechcraft models (Flight Express 2010). Flight Express has its headquarters in Orlando, Florida and it operates in twenty six other states across the United States. Express prides itself in being a time-critical and an on demand carrier that specialises in regional air transport. The airline transports packages for several companies including those in publishing, life science, and banking industries. Flight Express’s pilots log over 64,000 flight hours annually (Flight Express, 2003). Although Flight Express operates under FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations), its operations will be looked into from the CAA’s perspective for the purpose of this cost assessment. This is mostly because the company’s FAR approved records are not accessible to the public. Since the cost assessment is done for a general case of 200 hours, the results obtained through either regulations (FAR or CAA) should not have a vast discrepancies between them. The Beechcraft’s maximum take-off weight is below 2730 kilograms, it is henceforth classified as a light piston engine aircraft (Civil Aviation Authority 2005). There are five specified maintenance checks for this aircraft category. The first one is Check A and it must be carried out before the first flight of the day. The second check is the fifty-hour check. This check has to be carried out after every fifty flight hours or alternatively after six months of operation. Then there is the 150-hour check that is carried out after every one hundred and fifty hours of flight. The other checks are the annual check- carried out after every twelve months, and the star inspection. The civil Aviation Authority stipulates most of these checks. According to the Authority, Check A requires the engine’s air filter to be inspected with emphasis on its cleanliness. The tyres and wheels of the plane also have to be checked for damages. The inflation levels and other anomalies also have to be checked.Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the functionality of the fuel pump has to be inspected during this check. The fifty-hour check involves inspection of the fuel pump, air filt er, wheels, and tyres. Extensive checks of these areas have to be carried out after either fifty hours of flight or six months whichever comes first. Most of the times, this check involves replacement of oil filters and tyres. The 150-hour check on its part coincides with the 50-hour checks. This means that all the inspections stipulated in the 50-hour check are included in this one. The standard operations in this check include engine servicing and sometimes tyre replacements. This check must be carried out after every one hundred and fifty hours of flight. On the other hand, the annual check is carried out after every twelve months. During this check all oil filters are replaced. The tyres might also be replaced if any signs of damage or wearing out were found. The fuel pump and the engine air filters might also be replaced during this annual check (Civil Aviation Authority 2005). Appendix X illustrates a study of how PMA parts can reduce the maintenance costs for Flight Express a ircrafts. For instance, it is assumed that Flight Express operates each Beechcraft Baron 58 for about 200 hours annually. This means that several parts will have to be replaced in accordance with CAA’s regulations. This means that aircraft parts like engine air filters, oil filters, main tyres, and nose tyres will be needed in the course of these checks. Other parts that can be replaced within the 200 hours of flight are fuel pumps and wheel assemblies. However, these parts are rarely replaced within this period in normal circumstances. Appendix X lists the estimated number of replacements that can be made within two hundred hours of flight. Within the estimated time frame of two hundred hours, a single aircraft will require these parts to be replaced; two engine air filters, one fuel pump, eight oil filters, two wheel assemblies, four main tyres, and two nose tyres. If Flight Express chooses to use OEM parts when making these replacements, it will cost the company fourteen t housand, seven hundred and ninety seven dollars and seventy eight cents. This includes the cost of a fuel pump that is often very high priced by most manufacturers. However, if Flight Express chooses to use PMA’s parts it will only cost the company a total of four thousand, nine hundred and eighty four dollars and fifty two cents. This indicates that Flight Express is set to save around sixty six percent in material costs if the company chooses to use PMA’s products. These possible savings are in terms of a single aircraft.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering Flight Express operates a total of twenty seven Beechcraft Baron 58 aircrafts, the company stands to make substantial savings if PMA parts are used. Each of these aircrafts has an approximate two hundred hours of flight in one year. The total number of replacement s is in turn expected to be around fifty four engine filters, twenty seven fuel pumps, two hundred and sixteen oil filters, twelve wheel assemblies, one hundred and eight main tyres and fifty four nose tyres. If the company goes for PMA products, the company can save in excess of two hundred and forty thousand dollars in each maintenance cycle. When this list excludes the high priced fuel pumps, it will still cost Flight Express 45,136.54 dollars. It will cost the company seventy seven thousand, five hundred and forty six dollars and four cents if these same products are sourced from OEM. One of the limitations of this assessment is the method used to arrive at the average two hundred hours of flight per year. This is because this figure is estimated from the number of flight hours logged by each pilot annually (Flight Express 2010b). Summary The results of this case study indicate that PMA’s products are cheaper compared to those from alternative companies. Aviation companie s can take advantage of the cost cutting options provided by PMA. Any aviation company that chooses to use PMA-made spare parts stands to save a lot of money in maintenance costs. References Baron58, n.d, Beechcraft Baron 58 General Information. Web. Civil Aviation Authority, 2005, CAP 411: Light A/C Maint Schedules (Aeroplanes). Web. Flight Express, 2003, Initial and Recurrent Flight Training Handbook: Beechcraft 58 Baron. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flight Express, 2010, About. Web. Flight Express, 2010b, Flight Express Fleet. Web. This essay on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.